It also contains a considerable amount of valuable materials such as precious metals. Some ewaste like tv contains lead, mercury and cadmium, which are harmful to humans and the environment. According to the epa, recycling one million laptops can save the energy equivalent of electricity that can run 3,657 u. Between 1994 and 2003, disposal of pcs resulted in 718,000 tons of lead, 287 tons of mercury, and 1,363 tons of cadmium being placed in landfills. The types listed here are not necessarily exclusive and there may be considerable overlap so that one waste entity may fall into one to many types. Industrial and hospital waste is considered hazardous as they may contain toxic substances. Electronic waste e waste has been increasing rapidly with the impact of economic and population growth, technological developments, industrialization, and urbanization. Oecd 2001 e waste is defined as any appliance sing an electric power supply that. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic, reusable and recyclable waste. Proper recycling means collecting e waste either in the. Items that contain numerous electrical components, generate the largest amount of ewaste. Electrical and electronic equipment becomes waste after its delivery to a processor. The acronym downtown is used to help remember the 8 types of waste. Ewaste more information department of toxic substances.
Waste types of waste sources of waste recycling of waste. With the passage of the electronic waste recycling act of 2003. Most industries dump their wastes in rivers and seas which cause a lot of pollution. Composting is a natural process where organic wastes break down into nutrientrich compost perfect for your garden plants. E waste has hazardous substances with damaging effects on human health and the environment. Ewaste, or waste electrical and electronic equipment weee, is a complex and fastgrowing waste stream that covers a large variety of.
Common items of electrical and electronic waste are. Policy memo about contractors as cogenerators of universal waste lamps pdf 1 pp, 32. Electronic waste, also called e waste, various forms of electric and electronic equipment that have ceased to be of value to their users or no longer satisfy their original purpose. Mar 01, 2016 types of e waste and examples of equipment in my earlier article i explained the definition of e waste and the dangers of improper handling of e waste. Under producer takeback programs also called extended producer responsibility, manufacturers are responsible for taking back discarded electronics and for properly recycling them. Though ewaste is the commonly used term, epa considers ewaste to be a subset of used electronics and recognizes the inherent value of these materials that can be reused, refurbished or recycled to minimize the actual waste that might end up in a landfill or improperly disposed in an unprotected dump site either in the us or abroad. Electronic waste is one of the fastestgrowing types of waste worldwide. Legal definitions for waste types have not been included in this section, as these will vary by location.
The most valuable consumer wastes are the waste electrical and electronic equipment weee. These drugs are highly regulated if youre a provider and must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Used electronics which are destined for refurbishment, reuse, resale, salvage recycling through material recovery, or disposal are also considered e waste. Some people may have been left wondering what e waste categories exist and types of equipments in each category. Check out this brief comparison of state laws on electronics recycling to better understand e waste recycling laws in the u. Electronic waste e waste products have exhausted their utility value through either redundancy, replacement, or breakage and include both white goods such as refrigerators, washing.
Types of waste generally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. This page contains ewaste management seminar and ppt with pdf report. Eu waste legislation has been developed and continuously modernized since the 1970s. Adequate legislative measures and costeffective, environmental friendly, technological solution would be needed to address the issue. Developed countries tend to generate a larger share of e waste, with china being one of the largest producers. A breakdown of solid waste types and sources is provided in table 8.
Waste, is a combination of used or unwanted electronic products that have exceeded their shelf life. To understand more about different sources of wastes, download byjus the learning app. Ewaste scenario in india, its management and implications pdf. Waste definitions can determine whether a material is a waste or a product or resource, and that determination can have significant regulatory, environmental and financial impacts for the whole waste management system, including waste generators, processors, transporters and disposal operators.
Contact receiving services 4592354 or 4592925 for more information regarding electronic waste handling and removal, or the building facilities person for disposal information in your building or department. Temperature exchange equipment, more commonly referred to as cooling and freezing. These devices have lots of toxic metals inside them which are not harmful as they are but in time when the cases crack an. In my earlier article i explained the definition of e waste and the dangers of improper handling of e waste. A smart e waste management system for developing countries have to assess the e waste situation, recognize that e wastes are a complex mixture of hazardous and nonhazardous substances and materials and need to define the integral e waste management system taking into consideration the eee market penetration, life cycle of ict. Recycling e waste enables us to recover various valuable metals and other materials from electronics, saving natural resources energy, reducing pollution, conserving landfill space, and creating jobs. Electronic waste management and treatment technology. These are the wastes created in factories and industries. E waste in short is a generic term embracing various forms of electric and electronic equipment that have ceased to be of any value to their owners. E waste is growing, and with that surge comes the need for effective electronics recycling programs. The 7 types of waste, found in the workshops, can be adapted into any kind of activities, including services.
Seven electronic product types microwave ovens, vcrs, printers, cpus, cell phones, telephones, and radios were identified and, from each product type, four devices of various brands and models were collected by rpdd and submitted for analysis. Waste comes in many different forms and may be categorized in a variety of ways. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled. E waste is also referred to as weee waste electrical and electronic equipment, electronic waste or e scrap in different regions and under. The recovery of mo from a cu sx stream as well as the recovery of mo and re from a shaft furnace residue are discussed. E waste encompasses a board and growing range of electronic devices ranging from large household devices such as refrigerators, air conditioners, cell phones, personal stereos, and consumer electronics to computers which have been discarded by their users. Lamps that are not waste because they have not been discarded or that are not hazardous waste are not universal wastes. The six e waste categories electrical and electronic equipment eee and its parts that have been discarded by its owner as waste without the intent of reuse step initiative 2014.
These are also called ewaste, escrap, or waste electrical and electronic equipment weee. Recycling will produce pollutants, including chemical stews after breaking down the waste materials. Ewaste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their useful life. Computers, cell phones, kindles, electronics of all kinds. Environmentally sound management of used electrical and. Globally, the e waste generation is estimated at 20 to 50 million tonnes annually. The major concern in terms of management of e waste is, more than 90% of the available e waste continued to be recycled in the informal sector, in the bylanes of cities and towns. Hazardous wastes could be highly toxic to humans, animals, and plants. Microbes decompose the organic materials as they sit in a compost pile or bin for months. Composting preserves more nutrients than incineration and is the preferred method for organic waste disposal.
Informal processing of e waste in developing countries can lead to adverse human health effects and. Electronic waste or ewaste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. The combined effects of population explosion and changing modern living standard have had a cumulative effect in the generation of a. The directive 200898ec on waste, the socalled waste framework directive, council of the european union and european parliament, 2008 introduces the basic concepts and definitions relating to waste management, such as types of waste, recycling and recovery. Particularly for the european union, the e waste quantities.
Solid waste in the united states in 1988 municipal wastes alonethat is, the solid wastes sent by households, business, and municipalities to local landfills and other waste disposal facilitiesequalled 163 million metric tons 1980 million u. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and management. These sources general different types of wastes, many of which are hazardous in. Schedule i categories of electrical and electronic equipment covered under the rule.
E waste is defined for each project or program, as appropriate authorized states can enforce federal rcra regulations and manage electronics under their own state program federal regulation. With the passage of the electronic waste recycling act of 2003, certain portions of. Examples of the 8 wastes defectsis the work accurate and complete. E waste or electronic waste is created when an electronic product is discarded after the end of its useful life. The european weee directive classifies waste in ten categories. This paper will focus on the ewaste categories, composition of ewaste, hazardous components, various characteristics, ill effects of hazardous substances.
Some of the major types of solid waste management are as follows. Each of these waste types is examined separately below. Mt of industrial hazardous waste, 4 lakh tonnes of electronic waste, 1. Computers, televisions, vcrs, stereos, copiers, and fax machines are common electronic products. Pdf ewaste characteristic and its disposal researchgate. Chapter 7 solid waste management choose your language. Major recycling of e waste is carried out in the nonformal sector using primitive and hazardous methods. Electronic waste an emerging threat to the environment. According to a january 2019 report from the world economic forum, e waste is now the fastestgrowing waste stream in the world, with an estimated waste stream of 48. A protocol was developed to address the particular challenges of the e waste samples.
Wastes are produced from different activities such as household activities, agricultural activities industrial activities, hospitals, educational institutions, mining operations, and so on. Certain types of household waste are also hazardous. Charts or reports with incorrect or incomplete information inaccurate data entered into computer, on reports, etc. Mar 19, 2015 ewaste management seminar and ppt with pdf report. E waste management seminar and ppt with pdf report. Different waste types require different treatment, so the first step in waste treatment is to define the waste type involved. The seventh type will no longer point a physical nonconformity or a defective product, but a nonconformity regarding a client requirement or expectation. Industrial, commercial, domestic, and agricultural. E waste recycling laws generally employ one of two types of progams. Waste electrical and electronic equipment, electronic waste or escrap in different regions. E waste is a term used to cover all items of electrical and electronic equipment eee and its parts that have been discarded by its owner as waste without the intent of reuse step initiative 2014. Types of ewaste and examples of equipment mazingira safi.
Training of customs and enforcement officers, as necessary, to control or verify export or import of e waste and work on the identification of e waste in the harmonized system of the world customs organization. Large household appliances including cooling and freezing. The rapid expansion of technology and the consumption driven society results in the creation of a very large amount of e waste in every minute the european weee directive classifies waste in ten categories. Ewaste more information department of toxic substances control. Electronic waste and india ministry of electronics and. Jan 20, 2018 anything that has buttons or a screen will someday become e waste. Sources of waste can be broadly classified into four types. Receiving services is the ucsc campusdesignated outlet for the disposal of e waste. Electronic waste university of california, berkeley.
Industrial strike followed by the advances in instruction technology during the last century has radically changed peoples lifestyle. Computer equipment, monitorstvs, cell phones, batteries, stereos, etc. E waste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their useful life. E waste contains both hazardous and nonhazardous substances in their components. This page contains e waste management seminar and ppt with pdf report. Human society produces some unwanted and discarded materials which are called wastes. Electronic waste commonly known as e waste is the popular name given to electronic products nearing or at the end of its useful life. Ewaste management in india an overview article pdf available in international journal of earth sciences and engineering 92. This article provides the basic information on electronic.
Large household appliances refrigeratorsfreezers, washing machines, dishwashers small household appliances toasters, coffee makers, irons, hairdryers information technology it and telecommunications equipment personal computers. Ewaste is a term used to cover all items of electrical and electronic equipment eee and its parts that have been discarded by its owner as waste without the intent of reuse step initiative 2014. Certain e waste types along with their mass and estimated life cycle are summarized in table 3. Though e waste is the commonly used term, epa considers e waste to be a subset of used electronics and recognizes the inherent value of these materials that can be reused, refurbished or recycled to minimize the actual waste that might end up in a landfill or improperly disposed in an unprotected dump site either in the us or abroad.
A universal waste handler is defined in section 66273. The infrastructure to deal with abundant e waste in the developing countries is insufficient in terms of technology, techniques is the root cause of concern as more than 90% e waste is treated. Electronic waste items list acceptable materials answering machines laptops automotive electronics lead acid batteries boom boxes main frames cableswiring mice calculators microwaves cathode ray tube monitors crts pagers cddvd players paper shredders cell phones pcs chargers printers. Hazardous drug waste is any waste that has potential to cause death or serious illness or a waste that poses a significant hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported or disposed of. Recycling tons of garbage will require separate factories. An example from steel industry is the recovery of mocr mixture by sx from leachates of steelmaking dust. Broad overview of ewaste management policies in the u. Some solid waste can also be converted to a liquid waste form for disposal. Initiate pilot repair, refurbishment and recycling schemes. Types of wastes different types and sources of wastes. E waste consists of discarded electronic and electrical appliances which have reached the end of their tenure or life and no longer serve the purpose they were intended for. Different types of pharmaceutical waste medical waste.